Reflecting on the 43rd Ordinary Session of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child

Date: 30/04/2024


During the week of 15th – 20th April 2024, the Centre for Child Law (CCL) and Lawyers for Human Rights (LHR) participated in the 43rd Ordinary Session of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC), held in Maseru, Lesotho. We joined children, youth, fellow civil society organizations, and representatives from various African governments in vital discussions to advance the rights and welfare of children across the continent. A primary focus of our advocacy was on the severe implications of childhood statelessness, emphasising the profound injustices suffered by children who are denied or deprived of their right to a name and nationality under Article 6 of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC).

Statelessness, a preventable yet escalating problem, affects approximately 4.4 million people globally, including many children. In Africa, the issue is particularly acute, disproportionately affecting children from vulnerable and marginalised groups, such as those in rural or remote areas, ethnic minorities, and nomadic and border communities. Children of irregular or undocumented migrants, and forcibly displaced or children on the move – especially unaccompanied minors – face heightened risks. The roots of statelessness in Africa can be traced to the historical legacy of colonization and state succession, which created situations where colonial borders do not align with ethnic and cultural demographics. This is compounded by gender, racial, or ethnic discrimination embedded in nationality laws or their administration; conflict or gaps in nationality laws including inadequate legal safeguards for stateless children or those with unknown parentage (‘foundlings’); and poor administrative practices and inefficient civil registration systems that impair universal access to essential documents like birth certificates and identity cards. Notably, most stateless people live in their countries of birth and have never crossed a border (“in situ stateless”). However, it is crucial to recognise that migration – whether regular or not – can also lead to statelessness.

Statelessness severely restricts access to vital rights such as education, healthcare, and social assistance, exposes children to abuse and exploitation, and deeply undermines their human dignity. Addressing this issue is critical not only to safeguard the rights of currently affected children but also to prevent the inter-generational perpetuation of statelessness.

The ACERWC recognises these challenges and has issued two landmark decisions: the first addressing the barriers to birth registration and resultant statelessness faced by Children of Nubian Descent in Kenya, and the second highlighting the impact of state succession and gender discrimination on childhood statelessness in Benjamin v Sudan. The ACERWC has also issued General Comment No. 2 on Article 6 of the ACWRC, significantly broadening the understanding of the link between birth registration and statelessness. Moreover, the African Union’s recent adoption of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights Protocol on the Specific Aspects of the Right to a Nationality and the Eradication of Statelessness (ACHPR Protocol on the Right to Nationality) marks a significant milestone in regional efforts to ensure every child has a nationality, incorporating key principles from the ACRWC and UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.

However, statelessness persists, underscoring the urgent need for concerted and systematic efforts to address it decisively, especially as the UNHCR’s IBelong Campaign to end statelessness draws to a close:

  • We call on all African states to amplify their efforts by promptly ratifying and domesticating the AHCPR Protocol on the Right to Nationality.
  • We urge all African states to abolish both direct and indirect forms of gender, racial, ethnic, or religious discrimination impacting nationality rights and to align domestic laws with international and regional human rights standards.
  • We recommend strengthening of due process provisions in all administrative processes concerning the attribution, acquisition, or withdrawal of nationality and the issuance of birth certificates and identity cards.
  • We encourage multi-stakeholder collaborations between governments, UN agencies, civil society organisations, and especially those with lived experience of statelessness in the design and/or implementation of initiatives to tackle statelessness in Africa.

We screened the story of Primrose and her daughters, NM, and AM, at the panel discussion on Children on the Move and Statelessness to illustrate the harsh realities faced by those living without a nationality. Watch the film here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56tuOAZlF2g

We are grateful for the support from our partners at Terre des Hommes (TdH) Germany, whose collaboration has been instrumental in our continued efforts toward a reality where every African child’s nationality is recognised, and they can experience the fullness of belonging.

“It’s all about belonging.”

NM

 

For any enquiries or expressions of interest please contact:

Thandeka Chauke

Southern African Nationality Network Administrator

Lawyers for Human Rights Statelessness Project Head

E-mail: thandekac@lhr.org.za

 

Fortunate Seneka Mongwai

Candidate Attorney

Centre for Child Law

E-mail: fortunate.mongwai@up.ac.za

 

SOUTHERN AFRICAN NATIONALITY NETWORK (SANN)

SANN represents a collective of individuals with lived experience of statelessness, civil society organisations, community-based organisations, grass-roots organisations, faith-based organisations, child-protection agencies, members of academia, media actors, and other networks and coalitions working collectively towards universal access to the right to a nationality and eradication of statelessness in Southern Africa and beyond.

To learn more about SANN, visit our website: www.sann.africa

To join SANN, complete this form: https://forms.gle/KwCcjXZsgY9VEyKN6

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